Materials and Finishes:
As a guide to assist you in choosing the correct material and finish for your product, the following descriptions have been provided.

I. Sand Cast Molding Process:

A. Malleable Iron Grade 32510: Manufactured in accordance to ASTM A-47. Malleable Iron Grade 32510 has a Minimum Tensile Strength of 50,000 psi with a Minimum Yield Strength of 32,000 psi and Elongation in Tension of 10%. Malleable Iron offers good machinability and excellent shock resistance.

B. Ductile Iron: Manufactured in accordance to ASTM A-536. Peerless manufactures three standard grades of Ductile Iron:

Grade	Min. Tensile psi	Min. Yield psi	Elongation %
60-40-18	60,000	40,000	18
65-45-12	65,000	45,000	12
80-55-06	80,000	55,000	6

Ductile Iron is used when higher tensile strength is required. Ductile offers a higher tensile strength for applications such as pressure castings, machinery castings subject to shock and fatigue loading, gears and crankshafts.

C. Gray Iron: Manufactured in accordance to ASTM A-126 or A-48. Generally, Gray Iron is the most economical of materials listed. This material cannot be bent or subjected to shock loads. Gray Iron is best suited for stock fittings and castings not requiring critical tensile test evaluation.

II. Investment Cast Process(Wax Removal): Investment casting is a highly developed process that is capable of great casting accuracy. The accuracy and finish of investment castings may either eliminate additional machining needs or reduce them to a minimum.
A) Ductile Iron and Malleable Iron: Both of these materials from the above category can also be poured with the investment cast process.
B) Low to Medium Carbon Steel(C1010 to C1040): The low-carbon steel 1010-1025 castings are economic to produce and can be welded to similar materials. Medium-carbon steel 1030-1040 castings can produce tensile strengths from 65,000 psi to 100,000 psi after heat treating.

III. Forged Steel:
A) Drop forging is a metal shaping process in which a heated workpiece is formed by rapid closing of a punch and die forcing the workpiece to conform to a die cavity. Drop forging is also called impression die or closed die forging. A workpiece may be forged by a series of punch and die operations to gradually change its shape.
B) Cold Heading(Low Carbon Steel): Simple and intricate products can be produced by this process.

V. Finishes: Peerless offers a variety of plating finishes for our threaded fasteners and casting per specifications.
A) Zinc Plating per ASTM B 633: Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc – The clear chromate finish is considered standard. Other dichromate tints are available upon request
B) Heavy Zinc Plating(min. 0.0003" thick) with Leachant Sealer: The addition of the leachant sealer to the chromate finish extends the life of the zinc plating when necessary. The main advantage is improved salt spray test results at an economical cost.
C) Hot Dip Galvanizing per ASTM A 153
D) Nickel Plating per ASTM B 689
The above finishes are "standard finishes" for stock items. Other plating finishes are available upon request.